Shoulder Pain: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Understanding common shoulder conditions and evidence-based approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Common Causes of Shoulder Pain

The shoulder is a complex joint with a wide range of motion, making it vulnerable to various types of injuries and conditions. Common causes of shoulder pain include:

Rotator Cuff Injuries

Tears or inflammation of the tendons that connect muscles to the shoulder joint, often caused by repetitive overhead motions.

 

Frozen Shoulder

Also known as adhesive capsulitis, characterized by stiffness and pain, typically developing gradually.

Shoulder Impingement

When tendons rub against the shoulder blade, causing inflammation and pain during certain movements.

Shoulder Instability

When the head of the upper arm bone is forced out of the shoulder socket, causing pain and instability.

Other causes include arthritis, tendinitis, bursitis, and injuries such as dislocations and fractures. In some cases, shoulder pain can also be referred pain from other areas, such as the neck or heart.

Diagnosing Shoulder Conditions

Proper diagnosis is essential for effective treatment of shoulder pain. Your healthcare provider may use various methods to diagnose your condition:

 

  • Physical examination to check range of motion and strength
  • Medical history to understand the onset and nature of pain
  • Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound
  • Specialized tests to check for specific conditions

  • When To See A Doctor

    Seek medical attention if you experience shoulder pain that is severe, persists beyond a few days, is accompanied by significant swelling or bruising, or if you can't move your shoulder normally. Also seek care if the pain occurs with chest pain or shortness of breath.

Treatment Options

Treatment for shoulder pain varies depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Many cases can be managed with conservative approaches, while others may require more invasive interventions.

Conservative Treatments

  • Rest and activity modification
  • Ice or heat therapy
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers
  • Physical therapy and exercises
  • Corticosteroid injections

Surgical Options

If conservative treatments don’t provide relief, surgery may be recommended. Surgical options include:

 

  • Arthroscopy for rotator cuff repairs or removal of inflamed tissue
  • Shoulder replacement for severe arthritis
  • Stabilization procedures for recurrent dislocations

Rehabilitation Process

Rehabilitation is a crucial part of recovery from shoulder injuries. A comprehensive rehabilitation program typically includes:

  1. Restoring range of motion with gentle stretching

  2. Strengthening exercises for the rotator cuff and surrounding muscles

  3. Posture correction and scapular stabilization

  4. Functional training for daily activities and sports

  5. Gradual return to normal activities

Prevention Tips

  • Strengthen Shoulder Muscles

    Regular exercise targeting rotator cuff and surrounding muscles.

  • Proper Technique

    Use correct form when performing activities that stress the shoulder.

  • Rest and Recovery

    Allow adequate time for recovery between activities.

Other Conditions

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Evidence-based health information, medically reviewed and verified by healthcare professionals.

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